Additional effects of exercise to hypocaloric diet on body weight, body composition, glycaemic control and cardio-respiratory fitness in adults with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes

A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Aims: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the additional effect of exercise to hypocaloric diet on body weight, body composition, glycaemic control and cardio-respiratory fitness in adults with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes. Methods: Embase, Medline, Web of Science and Cochrane Central databases were evaluated, and 11 studies were included. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed on body weight and measures of body composition and glycaemic control, to compare the effect of hypocaloric diet plus exercise with hypocaloric diet alone. Results: Exercise interventions consisted of walking or jogging, cycle ergometer training, football training or resistance training and duration varied from 2 to 52 weeks. Body weight and measures of body composition and glycaemic control decreased during both the combined intervention and hypocaloric diet alone. Mean difference in change of body weight (−0.77 kg [95% CI: −2.03; 0.50]), BMI (−0.34 kg/m<sup>2</sup> [95% CI: −0.73; 0.05]), waist circumference (−1.42 cm [95% CI: −3.84; 1.00]), fat-free mass (−0.18 kg [95% CI: −0.52; 0.17]), fat mass (−1.61 kg [95% CI: −4.42; 1.19]), fasting glucose (+0.14 mmol/L [95% CI: −0.02; 0.30]), HbA<sub>1c</sub> (−1 mmol/mol [95% CI: −3; 1], −0.1% [95% CI: −0.2; 0.1]) and HOMA-IR (+0.01 [95% CI: −0.40; 0.42]) was not statistically different between the combined intervention and hypocaloric diet alone. Two studies reported VO<sub>2max</sub> and showed significant increases upon the addition of exercise to hypocaloric diet. Conclusions: Based on limited data, we did not find additional effects of exercise to hypocaloric diet in adults with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes on body weight, body composition or glycaemic control, while cardio-respiratory fitness improved.

Reference Memelink, R. G., Hummel, M., Hijlkema, A., Streppel, M. T., Bautmans, I., Weijs, P. J. M., Berk, K. A., & Tieland, M. (2023). Additional effects of exercise to hypocaloric diet on body weight, body composition, glycaemic control and cardio-respiratory fitness in adults with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetic Medicine, 40(7), Article e15096. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.15096
Published by  Urban Vitality 1 July 2023

Publication date

Jul 2023

Author(s)

Mitchell Hummel
Aveline Hijlkema
Ivan Bautmans
Kirsten A. Berk

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